In his Kitab al-Fawa'id fi usul al-bahr wa'l-qawa'id, Ahmad bin Majid, describes the known world and its oceans, lands and seas in about 1490.
For a useful but brief introduction to how the astrolabe worked see this Ted Talks video with Arabic subtitles.
For a useful but brief introduction to how the astrolabe worked see this Ted Talks video with Arabic subtitles.